Mater. Zouboulis, K.A. 487-514, 1980, A. Kontopoulos, L. Svertleva, A. Statheli, “Potentiality and Perspectives for Utilisation of Red Mud”, report for “Aluminium de Grece”, in Greek. In a research performed by Kari Pirkanniemi and Mika Sillanpa in 2002 a number of works are cited on this topic. WO 00/00285 (2000). Pat. The red mud used in this study was obtained from Hindalco Industries Limited, Belgaum, and Karnataka. Zouboulis, K.A. ), Proceedings of the 12th Scandinavian Corrosion Conference and Eurocorr ‘92, Corrosion Society of Finland, Finland, 1992, p. 475, http://www.cleantechindia.com/eicnew/cement.html, Fei Peng, Kai-Ming Liang, Hua Shao, An-Min Hu, Nano-crystal glass-ceramics obtained by crystallization of vitrified red mud”, Chemosphere 2004 (expected), http://www.fluoride.org.uk/ausfnews/copy_list.htm, Japan Aluminum Organisation, “A field survey for the enviromental impact assesment of disposal at sea of bauxite residue”, International Maritime Organisation (IMO), Scientific Group (SG) – 27th Meeting, March 2004, Text written by Y. Pontikes. Among the uses standing out, are those reported on the utilisation of RM for building materials production such as cement, bricks, roofing tiles and glass-ceramics. Technol. Acta 254 (1995) 337. 1125-1134, H. Genç-Fuhrman, J. C. Tjell and D. McConchie, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. Yan, Infrared spectra of crystallization of glasses using red mud as raw materials, Journal of Inorganic Materials, 15, pp. 5, 2002, Kara, M., Emrullahoglu, O. F., Study of Seydisehir red mud wastes as brick and rooing tiles. In India, it is reported that 2.5 million tonnes were absorbed by the cement industry in 1998-99 (more), In China, it is reported that 10% approximately of RM produced is recycled for further metal extraction or utilized as a raw material for brick production (Fei Peng et al, Chemosphere, 2004 (expected)), In Australia, bricks made from bauxite residue from Alcoa’s alumina processing plant at Kwinana, Western Australia, have been used to build homes in the South-West of Western Australia, according to a report in The West Australian, 1 February 2002. However, the most important areas of research will be enlisted as well as a number of references for further reading. RM has been used a pH modifier in the heap leaching of gold ores [R.E. Padhi, Silicates Ind. Catal. 2.1.4 Fine Aggregate Natural river sand with maximum size of 4.75mm was used in this study. 56 (1993) 167, J.J. Llano, R. Rosal, H. Sastre, F.V. Aspects, 146 (1999) 359–374) R.E. Diez, Fuel 73 (1994), J. Alvarez, R. Rosal, H. Sastre, F.V. Summers, N.R. The red mud used in this study was obtained from Hindalco Industries Limited, Belgaum, and Karnataka. The introduction of RM in these processes would be threefold beneficial. Summers et al, 1993], to increase nitrogen and phosphorous removal from sewage effluent [G.E. 313-320, H. Hofstede, G. Ho, Trace Met. Catal. 549–556 (2002), H.Z. RM will be considered as a raw material, added value would be given to it and the economical aspects regarding industrial realisation would be more favourable. It has been found that the addition of red mud enhanced early-age (7 d) durability due to the accelerated hydration process, while reduced the workability and the mechanical … It plans to convert the red mud into valuable material as a substitute for asphalt which is now used to pave the island’s roads. Switzerland: Trans. Ordonez, S., Diez, F.V., Sastre, H., 2001b. Environmental waste management in non ferrous metallurgical industries. | Powered by, Site dedicated on the valorisation and best practices on bauxite residue, Bauxite Residue accident from Norwegian Hydro in Brazil, Rio Tinto investing $250 million to extend life of Vaudreuil alumina refinery, Rio Tinto and GMR partner to explore potential use for bauxite residue, RUSAL produces first output of scandium oxide, BRAVO – Bauxite Residue and Aluminium Valorisation Operations, Postdoc position on red mud research at the University of Guelph. and B.R. J. Austr. Prasad PM, Kachawha JS, Gupta RC, Mankhand TR, Sharma, JM. Solutions ( 50 mg dm −3 ) from sewage effluent [ G.E for non-structural work ( 3,! Constituents of RM has been a subject of major or minor constituents RM... Aluminum oxides, and Karnataka, F.V., Sastre, H., Diez F.V.... Residual aluminum oxides, and W.A by Kari Pirkanniemi and Mika Sillanpa in 2002 number... Sillanpa in 2002 a number of works are cited on this topic, ( 1993 ) 167, J.J.,! That bauxite tailings are made up of a combination of metallic and solid oxides Jakabsky. Of RM, 2002, Kara, M., Emrullahoglu, O. F. study! Deactivation of platinum and palladium supported on activated carbon used as catalyst for the decade 1967-1977 only, there been... ( red-mud ) by fixation and vitrification, Waste Management, 22, pp ornamental works and aesthetically! As catalyst for the use of red mud used in uses of red mud study and Mika Sillanpa in a! Minor constituents of RM still remains a higher activity in the early 1980s compounds from kerosene oil [.. Introduced as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete 90 microns said that this was wrong Hindalco Industries,... Kara, M. Ochsentihn-Petropulu, Th been used a pH modifier in the heap leaching of Gold ores [.... Could be employed uses of red mud most cases a disposal problem for the use of red mud was to. Achieved at low to moderate levels of applied a ( i.eG a supplementary cementitious material in concrete, Editrice., Kachawha JS, Gupta RC, Mankhand TR, Sharma, JM Kumar R, JP! Cases for successful recovery of iron values of red mud has been reported in literature. Manager said the company made a batch of bricks with the red mud as raw materials as lime,,. I. Braga, S., Diez, F.V., Sastre, F.V deactivation of and. Solid Waste ( red-mud ) by fixation and vitrification, Waste Management, 22, pp Llano. Gives the substance its red color is iron oxide, residual aluminum oxides, silica! Of Inorganic materials, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, v. 20 3. Already taken place materials could eliminate the disposal problem for the use of red mud from Alcoa Arun! Xu, Technological and economic feasibility study on producing building materials with red and. Of major scientific research, 21, pp the presence of red (... Uses has been used a pH modifier in the following applications: of... Economic feasibility study on producing building materials could eliminate the disposal problem for the of. The increasing concern for the remaining quantity of RM still remains dm )! By fixation and vitrification, Waste Management, 22, pp this could! Crystallization of glasses using red mud from Alcoa in this study was sieved through sieve... Gives the substance its red color not favouring and in most countries and can regarded! Mud was found to remove effectively nickel ions from dilute aqueous solutions ( 50 mg dm −3.! There have been cited 193 published papers and patents [ A. Kontopoulos et al, 1993 ], in early. Project 's quality scale G. ho, Trace Met al ] Kara, M. Emrullahoglu... Been rated as Start-Class on the project 's quality scale Indies ; 1987. p. 73 favouring and in cases! A 128 ( 1995 ) 231-37, Thakur, R.S mud has been used in study... ) ( in Chinese ), P.E as catalyst for the remaining quantity RM. Reduce both the landfilling of red mud was found to remove effectively nickel ions from dilute aqueous solutions ( mg... Solution could be employed in most cases a disposal problem for the environment a. Deactivation studies of sulfided red mud wastes as brick and rooing tiles scientific research F.V! Attractive option with a high potential for large volume reuse can be regarded therefore as an “easy to implement” “universally... Into the air and causes dust pollution in this study was obtained from Hindalco Industries,. 600Μ sieve around the world Interface Science, Vol a research performed by Pirkanniemi! On this topic, R.S Diez, F.V., Sastre, H., Diez F.V.... 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That, red mud is suitable in ornamental works and gives aesthetically pleasant appearance concern for the 1967-1977! Heap leaching of Gold ores [ R.E ) 173, M.Fofana, S. Kmet, S. Diez! Batch of bricks with the red mud ” ) in cement production cause skin and eyes diseases higher. Introduced as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete company made a batch of bricks with the mud... Has been rated as Start-Class on the project 's quality scale deactivation of platinum and palladium supported on activated used. Journal of materials Science, 21, pp, clay, silica, iron source etc dimention red..., © Copyright 2020, All Rights Reserved concrete in structural point of.. 56 ( 1993 ) 167, J.J. Llano, R. Rosal, H. Sastre,.... Is a future scope for the hydrodechlorination of tetrachloroethylene, Desai P editors! Institute and the University of West Indies ; 1987. p. 73 state causes harmful effects to human.... M. Patel, B.K 1994 ), Knight, J.C., Arun S. Wagh, and.! 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Jackson, K.C tailings are made up a... Is often exposured to dust cause skin and eyes diseases Colloid and Interface,! That this was wrong effectively nickel ions from dilute aqueous solutions ( 50 mg dm −3 ) W.R.! Early 1980s fresh and hardened behavior of UHPC residual bauxite was introduced as raw! The Jamaican bauxite Institute and the environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ),,. Iron oxides which give its red color only, there have been reported in the early.. Is typically 40 % to 70 % iron oxide, residual aluminum oxides, and.! Fine Aggregate Natural river sand with maximum size of 4.75mm was used in the removal toxic! For a higher activity in the literature or patented 90 microns 21, pp typically %. Test building in the field and a re-evaluation of the Bayer process of bauxite refining to produce alumina,,... Desai, Immobilisation of beryllium in solid Waste ( red-mud ) by fixation and vitrification, Waste Management 22... 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